CKD Advanced Module

Module Contents

CKD Mineral and Bone Disease

Pathophysiology cascade, renal osteodystrophy types, KDIGO 2017 targets, phosphate binder selection, vitamin D management, FGF-23, and parathyroidectomy indications.

Protein Restriction in CKD

Evidence vs. eminence in nephrology nutrition. MDRD legacy, Cochrane 2020 synthesis, modern pharmacotherapy impact, population-specific analysis, and guideline disparities.

GFR Estimation Review

Creatinine vs. cystatin C physiology, CKD-EPI 2021 equations, eGFRcys/eGFRcr ratio interpretation, shrunken pore syndrome, Stockholm Iohexol Cohort validation, and special populations.

CT stone protocols, CT urography, ultrasound vs. CT performance, renal arterial duplex, nuclear medicine scintigraphy, MRI applications, CIN vs. CAN terminology, GBCA/NSF risk stratification with Group II safety data, and emerging technologies.

Metformin in CKD Clinical Review

FDA black box evolution (SCr to eGFR-based), MALA pathophysiology and incidence, mitochondrial complex I mechanism, target trial emulation methodology, 2024 Scottish TTE study challenging eGFR <30 contraindication, and sick day rules.

DKD Treatment: Four Pillars of Therapy

Comprehensive DKD management with comparative efficacy of RAAS inhibitors (ACE-I vs ARB Cochrane data), SGLT2 inhibitors (CREDENCE/DAPA-CKD/EMPA-KIDNEY), finerenone (FIDELITY pooled analysis), GLP-1 RA (FLOW trial), sequencing protocol, implementation gaps, safety monitoring, and cost-effectiveness.

Module Contents

Other Phase 3 Modules