Clinical Mastery Series
Author: Andrew Bland, MD, FACP, FAAP
Comprehensive reviews covering edema pathophysiology, diuretic therapy escalation, sequential nephron blockade, and medication-induced edema. These reviews integrate nephrology, cardiology, and pharmacology perspectives for a complete clinical framework.
The definitive review of diuretic resistance and sequential nephron blockade (SNB). Covers loop diuretic pharmacology and the braking phenomenon, thiazide augmentation (metolazone timing and dosing), SGLT2 inhibitor integration as proximal blockade, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, acetazolamide in metabolic alkalosis, combination protocols by clinical scenario (heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis, CKD), monitoring and electrolyte management, and evidence from ADVOR, CLOROTIC, and EMPA-RESPONSE trials.
68 min read — Flagship review
Educational discussion covering Starling forces, the glycocalyx layer, underfill vs overflow pathophysiology, sodium retention mechanisms in heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, and cirrhosis, and the role of ENaC activation and neurohormonal activation in edema formation.
22 min read
Evidence-based review of medication-induced edema organized by frequency and mechanism. Covers NSAIDs, calcium channel blockers (amlodipine), corticosteroids, thiazolidinediones, gabapentinoids, hormonal contraceptives, and antineoplastic agents with incidence data and management strategies.
16 min read
Andrew Bland, MD, FACP, FAAP | Clinical Mastery Series | Urine Nephrology Now
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