Nephrology Lectures 2025
The Skeleton Key approach: five tests that unlock renal disease
🔑 The Master Skeleton Keys to Nephrology
Five Essential Tests That Unlock Almost All Renal Disease
🧪 BMP (The Original Key)
Na, K, Cl, CO2, BUN, Creatinine, Glucose
Electrolyte disorders, acid-base, kidney function
🦴 Calcium & Magnesium
Ca++, Mg++ (Essential additions to BMP)
Bone metabolism, neuromuscular function
⚡ Phosphorus
PO4 (Cellular energy & CKD-MBD)
Energy metabolism, bone-kidney axis
🔬 Urinalysis
The Ultimate Skeleton Key
Unlocks ALL renal physiology & pathology
💡 The Skeleton Key Philosophy
Just as a skeleton key opens many locks, these five tests unlock the vast majority of renal diseases. The BMP reveals electrolyte and acid-base disorders. Adding Ca, Mg, PO4 completes mineral metabolism. But the urinalysis is the ultimate key—it reveals not just what's wrong, but HOW the kidneys are responding, making it indispensable for understanding both electrolyte disorders and all of renal physiology.
🔬 Urinalysis: The Ultimate Skeleton Key
While the BMP shows WHAT is wrong, the urinalysis reveals HOW the kidneys are responding
🔍 For Electrolyte Disorders
Reveals kidney's compensatory mechanisms: concentrating ability, acid excretion, mineral handling
🧠 For Renal Physiology
Shows tubular function, glomerular integrity, collecting duct response to ADH and aldosterone
🎯 For Disease Localization
Pinpoints WHERE in the nephron disease is occurring: glomerular, tubular, or collecting duct
Key Clinical Insight:
A patient with hyponatremia and concentrated urine (Uosm >500) tells you the kidneys are WORKING to conserve water - ruling out water intoxication and pointing toward SIADH or volume depletion. The urinalysis doesn't just diagnose - it teaches you renal physiology in real time.
2025 UDPA Lecture Series
Comprehensive review for students, residents, and fellows
⚡ Electrolytes & Acid-Base
Master the skeleton keys: BMP + Ca + Mg + PO4 + Urinalysis unlock almost all renal disease
- Master Skeleton Keys: The 5 tests that unlock nephrology
- BMP Layout: Systematic clinical approach
- Sodium Disorders: Hypo/Hypernatremia emergency protocols
- Potassium: Life-threatening K+ management
- Calcium & Magnesium: Critical mineral interactions
- Phosphorus: Cellular energy and CKD-MBD
- Acid-Base: Metabolic disorder interpretation
- Urinalysis Integration: The ultimate diagnostic key
🌊 Hyponatremia Deep Dive
Comprehensive 2024 evidence-based hyponatremia management
- RIB Therapy: 2024 standard protocol
- Correction Science: ODS risk stratification
- Dual System: ADH vs Aldosterone
- Emerging Therapies: SGLT2i, Protein-Urea
- Risk Calculator: Interactive tools
🔬 Urinalysis Mastery
Comprehensive urinalysis interpretation from a nephrology perspective
- Interpretation Fundamentals: Microscopy priority and systematic approach
- Dipstick Analysis: Parameters, limitations, and timing requirements
- Microscopic Examination: FeNa pitfalls and critical findings
- UTI Assessment: Evidence-based evaluation and debunked tests
- Interactive Tools: FeNa calculator with clinical context
🚨 Acute Kidney Injury
Comprehensive 2024 KDIGO-based AKI evaluation and management
- Emergency Recognition: Anuria protocols, life-threatening complications
- KDIGO Staging: Complete classification with clinical implications
- Advanced Diagnostics: Fresh urine microscopy, FST risk stratification
- Drug Nephrotoxicity Deep Dive: Complete antibiotic, NSAID, PPI toxicity modules
- Interactive Tools: KDIGO calculator, FST interpreter, drug risk assessment
- Intrinsic Disease: RPGN, AIN, ATN comprehensive coverage
- 🏃 Special Feature: Complete Rhabdomyolysis Guide with CK risk calculator
🔬 Glomerulonephritis Comprehensive
Complete nephritic and nephrotic syndrome guide with emergency RPGN protocols
- Nephritic vs Nephrotic: Clinical differentiation and urine microscopy
- RPGN Emergency: Type I-III classification with immediate treatment protocols
- Serological Evaluation: Complete complement pattern tables and ANCA interpretation
- Modern Therapies: Rituximab, gene therapy, epigenetic treatments
- Clinical Pearls: Anti-PLA2R testing, thromboembolism risk, fresh urine protocols
- Evidence-Based: 2024 KDIGO guidelines and latest research
🔄 Chronic Kidney Disease
Comprehensive 2024 KDIGO-based CKD management and risk stratification
- Emergency Recognition: Uremic complications, severe acidosis protocols
- KDIGO Risk Matrix: Complete staging with monitoring frequency guidelines
- Cardiorenal Disease: CV risk assessment and prevention strategies
- Five Pillars Management: BP control, RAAS/SGLT2 inhibition, evidence-based nutrition
- Complications Management: Anemia, CKD-MBD, acidosis protocols
- Protein Restriction Rethink: 2024 evidence challenges traditional recommendations
- Interactive Tools: Evidence-based protein calculator, risk assessment, progression tools
❤️ Cardiorenal Disease
Comprehensive heart-kidney axis pathophysiology and integrated management strategies
- Cardiorenal Syndromes: Type 1-5 classification and acute vs chronic presentations
- Heart Failure-CKD Nexus: Bidirectional pathophysiology and risk amplification
- SGLT2 Inhibitors Revolution: Cardioprotective and nephroprotective mechanisms
- RAAS Modulation: ACE-I, ARBs, MRAs optimization in dual disease
- Diuretic Strategies: Volume management without worsening kidney function
- Risk Stratification: Integrated CV-renal risk assessment and monitoring protocols
📊New! 2025 Hypertension Guidelines
Revolutionary AHA/ACC updates with PREVENT calculator and paradigm shifts
- PREVENT Risk Calculator: Replaces Pooled Cohort Equations
- Retired "Hypertensive Urgency": Now severe HTN without target organ damage
- Device Therapy Integration: Formal renal denervation protocols
- Emergency vs Severe HTN: Updated terminology and Class 3 harm recommendations
- Special Populations: Enhanced pregnancy and cerebrovascular protocols
- Interactive Tools: PREVENT calculator, risk stratification
💧 Edema Pathophysiology & Management
Comprehensive approach to edema evaluation and treatment strategies
- Starling Forces: Capillary hemodynamics and fluid distribution mechanisms
- Drug-Induced Edema: NSAIDs, CCBs, TZDs - mechanisms and frequencies
- Bilateral vs Unilateral: Systematic differential diagnosis approach
- Heart Failure Edema: Cardiorenal interactions and venous congestion
- Diuretic Therapy: Loop diuretics, albumin co-administration, gut edema
- Interactive Tools: Albumin benefit calculator and clinical protocols
🏥 Renal Imaging Modalities
Evidence-based imaging modalities with 2024 contrast safety updates and comprehensive imaging protocols
- Contrast Safety Revolution: CAN vs CIN terminology, Group II GBCA liberalized guidelines
- CT vs Ultrasound: Evidence-based performance comparison for all renal applications
- Multiphasic Protocols: Stone protocol, contrast-enhanced, selective delayed imaging
- Advanced Modalities: Nuclear medicine scintigraphy, MRI elastography, DECT
- Clinical Decision Framework: When to use contrast, risk stratification
- Interactive Tools: Contrast risk calculator with evidence-based recommendations
🎯 Cysts & Masses
Comprehensive evaluation of renal masses and cystic diseases with evidence-based management protocols
- Renal Cell Carcinoma: Advanced immunotherapy, size-based risk stratification, cryoablation protocols
- Bosniak Classification 2019: Updated criteria reducing unnecessary interventions, <30 HU benign rule
- ADPKD Management: Tolvaptan disease-modifying therapy, genetic testing, extrarenal screening
- Active Surveillance: Evidence-based observation strategies for selected masses and cysts
- Benign Masses: Angiomyolipoma conservative management, TSC considerations
- Interactive Tools: Bosniak calculator, ADPKD risk assessment, surveillance protocols
🩸 Dialysis & Kidney Replacement Therapy
Comprehensive evidence-based outpatient dialysis management and ESRD care
- Symptom-Based Initiation: IDEAL trial evidence against early dialysis start
- Post-Dialysis K+ Trap: Critical safety protocols to prevent hyperkalemia
- High-Volume Hemodiafiltration: Survival advantage with convection >20L
- Peritoneal Dialysis Mastery: PET testing, CAPD vs APD optimization
- Vascular Access Excellence: Fistula first, surveillance protocols
- Adequacy Calculators: Interactive KT/V and URR tools
- Evidence-Based Guidelines: 2024 KDOQI, ISPD, and ASN recommendations
📚 Interactive Cases
Practice clinical reasoning with 25 enhanced interactive cases organized by lecture topics
- ✓ Organized by lecture topics
- ✓ Multiple difficulty levels
- ✓ Evidence-based 2025
- ✓ 350+ integrated questions
🧮 Tools & Calculators
Interactive clinical decision tools and evidence-based calculators
📚 The Primer
An Introduction to Kidney Disease by A. Bland Nephrologist
🎯 Your Nephrology Introduction
An accessible foundation for understanding kidney medicine fundamentals
28
Foundational Chapters
11
Audio Lectures
4.6
Hours of Content