For educational use only — Not for clinical decision-making without independent verification
Medical Associates  ·  Department of Nephrology ← urinenephrology.org
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Student Handouts

Comprehensive reference handouts covering renal anatomy, physiology, pathology, and clinical nephrology. Designed for PA students, medical students, and residents.

— Handouts
— Topics
Andrew Bland, MD, FACP, FAAP UICOMP · UDPA · Butler COM

Renal Foundations

Renal Anatomy and Histology: Gross Structure to Ultrastructure
25 min read
Renal Physiology: Filtration, Transport, and Regulation
29 min read
Renal Embryology: Development and Clinical Implications
16 min read
Podocyte and Glomerular Filtration Biology
29 min read
Structure of Renal Disease: A Systematic Framework
13 min read
Essential Nephrology Glossary: 100 Terms
17 min read
Nephrology Quick-Start Guide
11 min read
Nephrology Study Topics Guide: Curated UpToDate Reading Plan
14 min read

Acute Kidney Injury

AKI Workup and Diagnostic Approach
12 min read
Acute Interstitial Nephritis: Diagnosis and Management
11 min read
ATN Management and Hemodynamic Targets
12 min read
AKI Biomarkers and Early Detection
11 min read
Drug-Induced AKI: Mechanisms and Clinical Management
12 min read
Rhabdomyolysis and Myoglobin-Induced AKI
12 min read

Electrolyte and Acid-Base

Hyponatremia
9 min read
Hypernatremia, SIADH, Diabetes Insipidus, and Mixed Acid-Base Disorders
27 min read
Hyperkalemia
8 min read
Hypokalemia
9 min read
Calcium and Phosphorus Disorders
6 min read
Hypercalcemia
7 min read
Magnesium Disorders
7 min read
Acid-Base Disorders
8 min read

Glomerular Diseases

Nephritic vs. Nephrotic Syndromes
9 min read
IgA Nephropathy: From Pathogenesis to Precision Medicine
11 min read
Lupus Nephritis: Classification, Prognostication, and Treatment
11 min read
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: Primary vs. Secondary
10 min read
AL Amyloidosis and Multiple Myeloma
12 min read
Vasculitis and Complement-Mediated GN
25 min read
Treatment of Glomerular Diseases
12 min read

Cardiorenal

Cardiorenal Syndrome: Clinical Essentials
8 min read
HFpEF: When Heart Failure Reveals Kidney Disease
13 min read
GDMT: Four Pillars of Cardiorenal Protection
11 min read
SGLT2 Inhibitors in Cardiorenal Disease
12 min read
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: Cardiorenal and Metabolic Benefits
12 min read

Chronic Kidney Disease

CKD Overview: Clinical Approach and Classification
10 min read
Diabetic Kidney Disease: Comprehensive Management
13 min read
CKD Complications: MBD, Anemia, and Systemic Manifestations
21 min read
CKD Nutrition: Protein Restriction
16 min read

Hypertension

Blood Pressure Measurement: Principles and Technique
15 min read
Hypertension Management: Evidence-Based Guide
12 min read
Secondary Hypertension: Diagnostic Approach
28 min read
IV Antihypertensives for Acute Hypertension
13 min read

Hepatorenal

Hepatorenal Syndrome
13 min read
Hepatology Overview
14 min read
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome
14 min read
Ammonia and Dialysis in Liver Disease
14 min read

Renal Pharmacology

Diuretics in Clinical Practice
18 min read
RAAS Inhibitors and Renoprotective Therapy
27 min read
Immunosuppressive Therapy in Glomerular Disease
36 min read

Urology and UTI

Urinalysis Interpretation: A Practical Guide
11 min read
Nephrolithiasis: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management
25 min read
Obstructive Uropathy: Diagnosis and Management
29 min read
UTI Prevention in Women: Evidence-Based Strategies
10 min read

Advanced Topics

Renal Pathology and Kidney Biopsy Interpretation
20 min read
Monoclonal Gammopathy and Kidney Disease
23 min read
Precision Nephrology
20 min read
Global Health Nephrology
20 min read

Dialysis and RRT

Dialysis Fundamentals
12 min read
Dialysis Access and Complications
16 min read
High-Volume Hemodiafiltration
12 min read

Transplantation

Kidney Transplant Fundamentals
17 min read
Transplant Immunosuppression
22 min read
Transplant Complications: Rejection, Infection, Malignancy
28 min read

Pediatric Nephrology

Pediatric Kidney Disease: Clinical Recognition
21 min read
Congenital Renal Anomalies
29 min read
Renal Tubular Disorders
36 min read

Toxic Nephropathies

Toxic Nephropathies: Drug-Induced and Environmental
31 min read
Kidney Disease in Special Populations
32 min read

Geriatric and Palliative

Geriatric Nephrology
17 min read
Palliative Nephrology: Conservative Management
22 min read

Procedures and Diagnostics

Kidney Biopsy: Comprehensive Guide
13 min read
Renal Labs and Imaging
13 min read

Edema

Edema Pathophysiology and Clinical Management
12 min read