1 · Approach
Use the opening diagram and short lessons before the patient.
Self-study and additional cases · Day 3
4 cases now use the same sequence, with 28 short lessons and opening, interpretation and treatment figures.
Open the collected self-study teaching ↓ · Browse the self-study case guide
Teach Day 3 from one place
Opening frameworks, 35 Learn first sections, stage-specific infographics and direct lecture links for the three classroom cases. Use the short lesson before its question, then return to the case to commit, discuss and reveal.
Session plan and self-study cases · Shared opening lecture · Day 3 figures in the visual library
Treat urgent threats while you evaluate
Look for sepsis, rapidly progressive kidney dysfunction, pulmonary–renal features, dangerous hypertension and nephrotic complications. Distinguish contaminated urine or asymptomatic bacteriuria from a clinical infection.
Name the threat, begin indicated treatment, investigate in parallel, then reassess.
Case 07: The Grandmother's Urine Cup
Start with the approach, then build the case
First decide whether the specimen and symptoms fit. Then separate urinary infection, contamination, medication effects and water-balance disorders.
2 · Findings
Revisit urgency as history, examination and initial data arrive.
3 · Lab interpretation
Use the urine, blood or imaging guide at the relevant decision.
4 · Treatment and reassessment
Connect the management plan with response, monitoring and follow-up.
Opening visual framework
Use the diagram with the teaching text, then apply it to the case findings.
Lab interpretation guide
Use the diagram with the teaching text, then apply it to the case findings.
Treatment and reassessment guide
Use the diagram with the teaching text, then apply it to the case findings.
Learn first · all 11 decision primers
All relevant lecture connections for this case
Return to the lecture topics
Assigned reading: the explanations in this case and the question-linked course evidence guide. The objective map distinguishes tested decisions from concepts taught in explanations.
Concepts: aki-06, aki-27, ckd-18, glom-01, glom-02, lytes-01, lytes-06, structural-04, structural-05, structural-14, structural-18, structural-25.
Dipstick: what each pad detects and its pitfalls (glom-01)
Microscopy: casts, cells, crystals, contamination (glom-02)
Interpretation lecture — Critical Microscopy Findings and Contamination
UA and sediment in AKI (aki-06)
Outpatient creatinine bump: triage (aki-27)
AKI BMP pattern guide — Part 6: BMP-Guided Clinical Decision-Making
UTI vs asymptomatic bacteriuria; culture logic (structural-04)
UTI assessment lecture — Asymptomatic Bacteriuria: The Great Overtreatment
Pyelonephritis and complicated UTI in CKD or obstruction (structural-05)
UTI assessment lecture — Evidence-Based UTI Treatment Guidelines
Renal imaging modality selection (structural-14)
Renal labs and imaging handout — Section 3: Renal Imaging Modalities
Drug dosing by eGFR (structural-18)
Renal pharmacology lecture — 1. Drug Dosing in CKD: Principles of Renal Clearance
Geriatric nephrology basics (structural-25)
Geriatric nephrology handout — III. Geriatric Drug Dosing in CKD
Drug dosing in CKD (ckd-18)
Drug dosing in CKD quick reference — Part 1: Principles of Drug Dosing in CKD
Bedside volume status assessment (lytes-01)
Low-solute and thiazide hyponatremia (lytes-06)
Thiazide safety lecture — Risk Factor Analysis and Mitigation Strategies
Case 08: The Sore Throat That Came Back
Start with the approach, then build the case
Confirm and locate hematuria, recognize a nephritic pattern, and use the tempo of kidney and lung findings to set the urgency.
1 · Approach
Use the opening diagram and short lessons before the patient.
2 · Findings
Revisit urgency as history, examination and initial data arrive.
3 · Lab interpretation
Use the urine, blood or imaging guide at the relevant decision.
4 · Treatment and reassessment
Connect the management plan with response, monitoring and follow-up.
Opening visual framework
Use the diagram with the teaching text, then apply it to the case findings.
Lab interpretation guide
Use the diagram with the teaching text, then apply it to the case findings.
Treatment and reassessment guide
Use the diagram with the teaching text, then apply it to the case findings.
Learn first · all 12 decision primers
All relevant lecture connections for this case
Return to the lecture topics
Assigned reading: the explanations in this case and the question-linked course evidence guide. The objective map distinguishes tested decisions from concepts taught in explanations.
Concepts: aki-01, aki-02, aki-22, aki-24, glom-02, glom-03, glom-06, glom-07, glom-12, glom-13, glom-14, glom-15, glom-16, glom-17, glom-23, htn-cardiorenal-08, htn-cardiorenal-17.
Microscopy: casts, cells, crystals, contamination (glom-02)
Dysmorphic RBCs, acanthocytes, RBC casts = glomerular bleeding (glom-03)
RBC Morphology — RBC Casts: A Strong Diagnostic Clue · Dysmorphic RBCs — Definitions and Thresholds
Hematuria workup: glomerular vs urologic; who goes to urology (glom-06)
Nephrotic vs nephritic syndrome (glom-07)
Glomerulonephritis — Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Differentiation
IgA nephropathy and IgA vasculitis/HSP in children (glom-12)
Post-infectious (post-streptococcal) GN (glom-13)
Lupus nephritis: screening and recognition (glom-14)
RPGN and ANCA vasculitis as an emergency (glom-15)
RPGN and ANCA Vasculitis — Overview; c-ANCA (PR3) vs p-ANCA (MPO)
Anti-GBM disease (pulmonary-renal syndrome) (glom-16)
Vasculitis and Complement handout — Anti-GBM Disease (Goodpasture Syndrome)
Serologic workup of glomerular disease, complement pattern first (glom-17)
Glomerulonephritis — Serological Evaluation of Glomerular Disease
When to refer and when biopsy is considered (glom-23)
Glomerular Disease Diagnostic Algorithm — Part 6: When to Biopsy
AKI definition and KDIGO staging (aki-01)
eGFR is invalid in AKI (aki-02)
Urgent dialysis indications (AEIOU) and when to call nephrology (aki-22)
Hyperkalemia and other AKI complications (aki-24)
ACEi vs ARB: adverse effects and contraindications (htn-cardiorenal-08)
Pediatric BP basics (htn-cardiorenal-17)
Case 09: The Diabetic Journey
Start with the approach, then build the case
Quantify albumin, describe the glomerular syndrome, and connect edema and complications with the evolving kidney trajectory.
1 · Approach
Use the opening diagram and short lessons before the patient.
2 · Findings
Revisit urgency as history, examination and initial data arrive.
3 · Lab interpretation
Use the urine, blood or imaging guide at the relevant decision.
4 · Treatment and reassessment
Connect the management plan with response, monitoring and follow-up.
Opening visual framework
Use the diagram with the teaching text, then apply it to the case findings.
Lab interpretation guide
Use the diagram with the teaching text, then apply it to the case findings.
Treatment and reassessment guide
Use the diagram with the teaching text, then apply it to the case findings.
Learn first · all 12 decision primers
All relevant lecture connections for this case
Return to the lecture topics
Assigned reading: the explanations in this case and the question-linked course evidence guide. The objective map distinguishes tested decisions from concepts taught in explanations.
Concepts: ckd-06, ckd-09, ckd-12, ckd-13, ckd-17, ckd-21, ckd-22, ckd-23, ckd-24, ckd-25, glom-04, glom-05, glom-07, glom-10, glom-11, glom-18, glom-19, glom-20, glom-21, glom-22, glom-23, glom-24, structural-23, structural-26.
Proteinuria quantification: UACR vs UPCR; A1–A3; nephrotic range (glom-04)
Transient and orthostatic proteinuria; confirming persistence (glom-05)
Nephrotic vs nephritic: definitions and pattern recognition (glom-07)
Glomerulonephritis lecture — Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Differentiation
Minimal change disease (glom-08)
FSGS: primary vs secondary (glom-09)
Membranous nephropathy: anti-PLA2R, secondary causes (glom-10)
Diabetic kidney disease as glomerular disease; when it is NOT diabetes (glom-11)
Textbook chapter 19 — Diabetic nephropathy as a progressive disease
Secondary-cause screen in new adult nephrotic syndrome (glom-18)
Glomerulonephritis lecture — Secondary Causes of Glomerular Disease
Complications of nephrotic syndrome (glom-19)
Glomerulonephritis lecture — Nephrotic Syndrome Detailed Review
Edema pathophysiology: nephrotic vs cardiac vs hepatic (glom-20)
Diuretic use in nephrotic edema (glom-21)
Diuretics handout — Diuretic Resistance: Mechanisms and Management
Antiproteinuric and supportive therapy (glom-22)
When to refer and when biopsy is considered (glom-23)
Drug-induced glomerular disease and drugs to stop (glom-24)
Nephritic/nephrotic handout — 8. Secondary Causes of Glomerular Diseases
Diabetic kidney disease: recognition and screening (ckd-06)
Progression risk and KFRE in plain terms (ckd-09)
CKM vs KFRE lecture — Different questions: KDIGO action thresholds
SGLT2 inhibitors in CKD (ckd-12)
Finerenone and GLP-1 RA as add-ons (ckd-13)
Anemia of CKD (ckd-14)
CKD-MBD: phosphorus, PTH, vitamin D, calcium (ckd-15)
Hyperkalemia in CKD: chronic and acute (ckd-17)
Hyperkalemia lecture — Find the mechanism and reversible contributors
When to refer to nephrology (ckd-21)
Preparing for KRT: timing, modalities, shared decision (ckd-22)
Dialysis initiation handout — Modality Choice: HD vs PD vs Conservative
Vascular access and vein preservation (ckd-23)
Access complications handout — Section 3: PICC Lines in Dialysis Patients
Transplant referral and conservative kidney management (ckd-24)
Kidney transplant fundamentals — Part 1: Transplant Evaluation Framework
Uremic symptoms and dialysis emergencies (ckd-25)
Dialysis prescription lecture — Urgent Dialysis Indications: AEIOU
Metformin rules (structural-23)
Drug dosing quick reference — Part 5: Antidiabetic Medications
Conservative kidney management and shared decision-making (structural-26)
Palliative nephrology handout — I. Conservative Kidney Management
Return to the week
Bring the lecture to the bedside · Course evidence guide · Integrated case summaries
Self-study and additional cases · Day 3
Open a case below for its teaching, diagrams and lecture links. Use the staged case to answer the questions and reveal explanations.
Case 23: The Resistant Heart Failure · 7 short lessons
Approach → findings → interpretation → treatment
Follow the edema circulation pathway before accepting a heart-failure label. Quantify protein, assess the glomerular syndrome and watch for complications.
1 · Approach
Read the opening framework and urgent-threat checkpoint.
2 · Findings
Build the pattern as the history, examination and results arrive.
3 · Lab interpretation
Use the mechanism to explain the blood, urine or imaging findings.
4 · Treatment and reassessment
Connect the treatment with the response, risks and follow-up.
Review the shared urgent-threat framework →
Opening visual framework
Use the visual framework with the case findings and the linked lecture.
Lab interpretation guide
Use the visual framework with the case findings and the linked lecture.
Treatment and reassessment guide
Use the visual framework with the case findings and the linked lecture.
Learn first · decision primers
Explain the whole case
How does the edema pathway lead to urine protein testing, and what new symptom would trigger urgent reassessment?
All relevant lecture connections
Return to the lecture topics
Assigned reading: the explanations in this case and the question-linked course evidence guide. The objective map distinguishes tested decisions from concepts taught in explanations.
Concepts: aki-03, glom-04, glom-07, glom-10, glom-18, glom-19, glom-20, glom-21, glom-23, glom-24, lytes-07, structural-20.
Proteinuria quantification; nephrotic range (glom-04)
Nephrotic vs nephritic syndrome (glom-07)
Glomerulonephritis lecture — Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Differentiation
Membranous nephropathy; anti-PLA2R (glom-10)
Membranous nephropathy handout (site) — Primary vs. Secondary MN
Secondary-cause screen in adult nephrotic syndrome (glom-18)
Complications of nephrotic syndrome (glom-19)
Glomerulonephritis lecture — Nephrotic Syndrome, Detailed Review
Edema: nephrotic vs cardiac vs hepatic (glom-20)
Diuretics in nephrotic edema (glom-21)
When to refer and when biopsy is considered (glom-23)
Drug-induced glomerular disease (glom-24)
Nephrotic–nephritic review (site) — 8. Secondary Causes of Glomerular Diseases
Prerenal / intrinsic / post-renal framework (aki-03)
NSAIDs and the kidney (structural-20)
NSAID nephrotoxicity lecture — Risk Factors for NSAID-Induced Kidney Injury
Hypervolemic hyponatremia (lytes-07)
Case 24: The Two Swollen Cousins · 7 short lessons
Approach → findings → interpretation → treatment
Use pediatric thresholds for the child, then compare the adult’s cause-specific pathway. A shared nephrotic phenotype does not imply the same lesion or treatment.
1 · Approach
Read the opening framework and urgent-threat checkpoint.
2 · Findings
Build the pattern as the history, examination and results arrive.
3 · Lab interpretation
Use the mechanism to explain the blood, urine or imaging findings.
4 · Treatment and reassessment
Connect the treatment with the response, risks and follow-up.
Review the shared urgent-threat framework →
Opening visual framework
Use the visual framework with the case findings and the linked lecture.
Lab interpretation guide
Use the visual framework with the case findings and the linked lecture.
Treatment and reassessment guide
Use the visual framework with the case findings and the linked lecture.
Learn first · decision primers
Explain the whole case
Why can two patients with nephrotic syndrome need different investigations and treatments?
All relevant lecture connections
Return to the lecture topics
Assigned reading: the explanations in this case and the question-linked course evidence guide. The objective map distinguishes tested decisions from concepts taught in explanations.
Concepts: glom-04, glom-07, glom-08, glom-09, glom-18, glom-19, glom-22, glom-23, glom-24, glom-25, htn-cardiorenal-17.
Nephrotic vs nephritic syndrome: definitions and pattern recognition (glom-07)
Glomerular disease diagnostic algorithm — Part 1: Nephrotic vs Nephritic Spectrum
Minimal change disease, child/young-adult nephrotic, steroid-responsive (glom-08)
Minimal change disease — Clinical Presentation · Pediatric kidney disease handout — IV. Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome
FSGS: primary vs secondary (glom-09)
FSGS handout — Primary vs. Secondary FSGS: Critical Distinction
Complications of nephrotic syndrome (glom-19)
Glomerulonephritis lecture — Nephrotic Syndrome Detailed Review (Complications) · Minimal change disease — Complications
When to refer and when biopsy is considered (glom-23)
Diagnostic algorithm — Part 6: When to Biopsy · Kidney biopsy handout — Why We Biopsy
Drug-induced glomerular disease and drugs to stop (glom-24)
Nephritic/nephrotic handout — 8. Secondary Causes of Glomerular Diseases · Renal pharmacology lecture — 2. Nephrotoxic Medication Avoidance
Hepatitis B/C and HIV-associated glomerular disease (glom-25)
Diagnostic algorithm — Part 3: Comprehensive Serologic Panel · Glomerulonephritis lecture — Secondary Causes of Glomerular Disease
Pediatric BP basics (htn-cardiorenal-17)
Pediatric hypertension lecture · Pediatric BP percentile calculator
Case 25: The Puffy Second-Grader · 7 short lessons
Approach → findings → interpretation → treatment
Recognize the nephritic pattern using pediatric BP and creatinine context. Interpret infection/complement findings and follow the recovery trajectory.
1 · Approach
Read the opening framework and urgent-threat checkpoint.
2 · Findings
Build the pattern as the history, examination and results arrive.
3 · Lab interpretation
Use the mechanism to explain the blood, urine or imaging findings.
4 · Treatment and reassessment
Connect the treatment with the response, risks and follow-up.
Review the shared urgent-threat framework →
Opening visual framework
Use the visual framework with the case findings and the linked lecture.
Lab interpretation guide
Use the visual framework with the case findings and the linked lecture.
Treatment and reassessment guide
Use the visual framework with the case findings and the linked lecture.
Learn first · decision primers
Explain the whole case
Which pediatric findings change urgency, and which recovery findings would make you reconsider the diagnosis?
All relevant lecture connections
Return to the lecture topics
Assigned reading: the explanations in this case and the question-linked course evidence guide. The objective map distinguishes tested decisions from concepts taught in explanations.
Concepts: aki-01, aki-02, aki-24, glom-07, glom-12, glom-13, glom-17, glom-23, htn-cardiorenal-17, lytes-13.
Nephrotic vs nephritic syndrome: definitions and pattern recognition (glom-07)
Glomerular disease diagnostic algorithm — Part 1: Nephrotic vs Nephritic Spectrum
Minimal change disease, child/young-adult nephrotic, steroid-responsive (glom-08)
Pediatric kidney disease handout — IV. Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome · Minimal change disease — Clinical Presentation
IgA nephropathy and IgA vasculitis/HSP in children (glom-12)
Post-infectious (post-streptococcal) GN (glom-13)
Post-infectious GN handout — Clinical Presentation · Post-infectious GN — PSGN vs. IRGN
Serologic workup of glomerular disease, complement pattern first (glom-17)
Glomerulonephritis lecture — Serological Evaluation of Glomerular Disease
When to refer and when biopsy is considered (glom-23)
Pediatric BP basics (htn-cardiorenal-17)
Pediatric hypertension lecture · Pediatric BP percentile calculator
AKI definition and KDIGO staging (aki-01)
Hyperkalemia and other AKI complications (aki-24)
Case 26: The Sports Physical · 7 short lessons
Approach → findings → interpretation → treatment
Repeat and quantify the urine findings, keeping protein and blood as separate questions. Family history and urologic risk can point toward different investigations.
1 · Approach
Read the opening framework and urgent-threat checkpoint.
2 · Findings
Build the pattern as the history, examination and results arrive.
3 · Lab interpretation
Use the mechanism to explain the blood, urine or imaging findings.
4 · Treatment and reassessment
Connect the treatment with the response, risks and follow-up.
Review the shared urgent-threat framework →
Opening visual framework
Use the visual framework with the case findings and the linked lecture.
Lab interpretation guide
Use the visual framework with the case findings and the linked lecture.
Treatment and reassessment guide
Use the visual framework with the case findings and the linked lecture.
Learn first · decision primers
Explain the whole case
Why can reassuring orthostatic proteinuria coexist with important hematuria or inherited disease?
All relevant lecture connections
Return to the lecture topics
Assigned reading: the explanations in this case and the question-linked course evidence guide. The objective map distinguishes tested decisions from concepts taught in explanations.
Concepts: glom-01, glom-03, glom-05, glom-06, glom-26, htn-cardiorenal-17, structural-11.
Dipstick: what each pad detects and its pitfalls (glom-01)
Dipstick lecture — Dipstick Parameter Deep Dive · Urinalysis handout — Section 1: Dipstick Basics
Dysmorphic RBCs, acanthocytes, RBC casts = glomerular bleeding (glom-03)
RBC morphology lecture — RBC Casts: A Strong Diagnostic Clue · Dysmorphic RBCs — Definitions and Thresholds
Transient and orthostatic proteinuria; confirming persistence (glom-05)
Hematuria workup: glomerular vs urologic; who goes to urology (glom-06)
RBC morphology lecture — Referral Guidance · Urinalysis handout — Section 3: Hematuria
Alport syndrome and thin basement membrane disease — familial hematuria (glom-26)
Pediatric kidney disease handout — VI. Hereditary Nephropathies
Other hereditary kidney disease pattern recognition: Alport, TBMN, ADTKD (structural-11)
Other cystic diseases lecture — ADTKD block (the site has no Alport page)
Pediatric BP basics (htn-cardiorenal-17)
Pediatric hypertension lecture · Pediatric BP percentile calculator