1 · Approach
Use the opening diagram and short lessons before the patient.
Self-study and additional cases · Day 2
3 cases now use the same sequence, with 24 short lessons and opening, interpretation and treatment figures.
Open the collected self-study teaching ↓ · Browse the self-study case guide
Teach Day 2 from one place
Opening frameworks, 35 Learn first sections, stage-specific infographics and direct lecture links for the three classroom cases. Use the short lesson before its question, then return to the case to commit, discuss and reveal.
Session plan and self-study cases · Shared opening lecture · Day 2 figures in the visual library
Treat urgent threats while you evaluate
Look for hyperkalemic cardiac toxicity, hypoxemic pulmonary edema and uremic complications. A stable CKD stage or an isolated office BP value calls for context and follow-up, not reflex emergency treatment.
Name the threat, begin indicated treatment, investigate in parallel, then reassess.
Case 04: The Tired Teacher
Start with the approach, then build the case
Confirm chronicity and measurement, place filtration beside albuminuria, then separate CKD complications from other causes of fatigue.
2 · Findings
Revisit urgency as history, examination and initial data arrive.
3 · Lab interpretation
Use the urine, blood or imaging guide at the relevant decision.
4 · Treatment and reassessment
Connect the management plan with response, monitoring and follow-up.
Opening visual framework
Use the diagram with the teaching text, then apply it to the case findings.
Lab interpretation guide
Use the diagram with the teaching text, then apply it to the case findings.
Treatment and reassessment guide
Use the diagram with the teaching text, then apply it to the case findings.
Learn first · all 13 decision primers
All relevant lecture connections for this case
Return to the lecture topics
Assigned reading: the explanations in this case and the question-linked course evidence guide. The objective map distinguishes tested decisions from concepts taught in explanations.
Concepts: ckd-01, ckd-02, ckd-03, ckd-04, ckd-05, ckd-07, ckd-10, ckd-14, ckd-15, ckd-16, ckd-19, ckd-21, ckd-26, htn-cardiorenal-01, htn-cardiorenal-02, htn-cardiorenal-04, htn-cardiorenal-06, htn-cardiorenal-10, htn-cardiorenal-16, structural-20.
CKD definition & chronicity (ckd-01)
KDIGO G/A staging & heat map (ckd-02)
UACR vs dipstick vs UPCR (ckd-03)
CKD staging handout (site) — UACR & 24-Hour Urine Protein Interpretation
eGFR: CKD-EPI 2021 and its limits (ckd-04)
Creatinine & GFR lecture — Limitations of eGFR / Evolution of eGFR Equations
Causes of CKD & first-line work-up (ckd-05)
CKD overview handout (site) — Identifying the True Cause of CKD
Hypertensive nephrosclerosis as a diagnosis of exclusion (ckd-07)
CKD overview handout (site) — The Challenge: "Hypertensive Nephropathy"
Blood pressure in CKD (ckd-10)
CKD management pathways (site) — Part 3: Blood Pressure Management in CKD
Anemia of CKD (ckd-14)
CKD-MBD: phosphorus, PTH, vitamin D, calcium (ckd-15)
CKD-MBD handout (site) — Diagnostic Approach: CKD-MBD Screening
Metabolic acidosis of CKD (ckd-16)
Nephrotoxins to avoid (ckd-19)
Renal pharmacology lecture — Nephrotoxic Medication Avoidance / NSAID Alternatives
When to refer to nephrology (ckd-21)
Standardized office BP measurement (htn-cardiorenal-01)
BP measurement handout (site) — Sources of Measurement Error
Home BP (HBPM) and ABPM; white-coat vs masked HTN (htn-cardiorenal-02)
Home BP monitoring lecture — Critical HBPM Implementation Points
BP targets and individualization (htn-cardiorenal-04)
BP targets lecture — Population-Specific Target Recommendations
Lifestyle modification with expected mmHg (htn-cardiorenal-05)
Lifestyle interventions lecture — Quantified BP Reduction Summary
First-line classes, thiazide choice, combinations (htn-cardiorenal-06)
Diuretic selection lecture — Thiazide vs Thiazide-Like Diuretics
Resistant hypertension (htn-cardiorenal-10)
Resistant HTN lecture — Definition / Systematic Evaluation / Spironolactone
Hypertensive nephrosclerosis (htn-cardiorenal-16)
Hypertensive nephropathy student handout (site) — Clinical Approach and BP Management
NSAIDs and the kidney (structural-20)
NSAID-induced nephrotoxicity lecture — Risk Factors for NSAID-Induced Kidney Injury
Case 05: The Salt Substitute
Start with the approach, then build the case
Stage diabetic kidney disease, identify protective-treatment opportunities, and connect each drug to potassium, volume and follow-up.
1 · Approach
Use the opening diagram and short lessons before the patient.
2 · Findings
Revisit urgency as history, examination and initial data arrive.
3 · Lab interpretation
Use the urine, blood or imaging guide at the relevant decision.
4 · Treatment and reassessment
Connect the management plan with response, monitoring and follow-up.
Opening visual framework
Use the diagram with the teaching text, then apply it to the case findings.
Lab interpretation guide
Use the diagram with the teaching text, then apply it to the case findings.
Treatment and reassessment guide
Use the diagram with the teaching text, then apply it to the case findings.
Learn first · all 11 decision primers
All relevant lecture connections for this case
Return to the lecture topics
Assigned reading: the explanations in this case and the question-linked course evidence guide. The objective map distinguishes tested decisions from concepts taught in explanations.
Concepts: aki-14, aki-15, aki-27, ckd-02, ckd-06, ckd-11, ckd-12, ckd-13, ckd-17, ckd-20, htn-cardiorenal-07, htn-cardiorenal-09, htn-cardiorenal-24, htn-cardiorenal-25, lytes-14, structural-23, structural-24.
Diabetic kidney disease: recognition & screening (ckd-06)
Progression risk & KFRE in plain terms (ckd-09)
RAAS blockade: start, monitor, hold (ckd-11)
SGLT2 inhibitors in CKD (ckd-12)
Finerenone & GLP-1 RA as add-ons (ckd-13)
Hyperkalemia in CKD: chronic and acute (ckd-17)
Hyperkalemia lecture — Find the mechanism and reversible contributors
Sick-day rules (ckd-20)
Cardiovascular risk in CKD (ckd-26)
Nutrition & lifestyle counseling (ckd-27)
Expected creatinine rise on ACEi/ARB/SGLT2i vs injury (aki-14)
Drug-induced AKI handout — Function/Damage 2x2 grid (the KDIGO 2026 draft figure)
Sick-day rules & nephrotoxin avoidance (aki-15)
Renal pharmacology lecture — 2. Nephrotoxic Medication Avoidance
Outpatient creatinine bump: triage (aki-27)
Chronic and drug-related hyperkalemia; type 4 RTA (lytes-14)
Hyperkalemia lecture — Find the mechanism and reversible contributors
Choosing agents by comorbidity (htn-cardiorenal-07)
Comorbidity management lecture — Paradigm Shift: CKM Syndrome
Expected creatinine bump after RAASi / SGLT2i and when to worry (htn-cardiorenal-09)
Finerenone (htn-cardiorenal-24)
Sick-day medication holds (htn-cardiorenal-25)
CKM syndrome framing (htn-cardiorenal-27)
Metformin rules (structural-23)
Drug dosing quick reference — Part 5: Antidiabetic Medications
SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA practicalities (structural-24)
Case 06: The Breathless Farmer
Start with the approach, then build the case
Assess congestion and perfusion together, judge the response to diuretics, then preserve disease-modifying treatment when it remains appropriate.
1 · Approach
Use the opening diagram and short lessons before the patient.
2 · Findings
Revisit urgency as history, examination and initial data arrive.
3 · Lab interpretation
Use the urine, blood or imaging guide at the relevant decision.
4 · Treatment and reassessment
Connect the management plan with response, monitoring and follow-up.
Opening visual framework
Use the diagram with the teaching text, then apply it to the case findings.
Lab interpretation guide
Use the diagram with the teaching text, then apply it to the case findings.
Treatment and reassessment guide
Use the diagram with the teaching text, then apply it to the case findings.
Learn first · all 11 decision primers
All relevant lecture connections for this case
Return to the lecture topics
Assigned reading: the explanations in this case and the question-linked course evidence guide. The objective map distinguishes tested decisions from concepts taught in explanations.
Concepts: aki-19, ckd-17, ckd-26, htn-cardiorenal-09, htn-cardiorenal-19, htn-cardiorenal-20, htn-cardiorenal-21, htn-cardiorenal-22, htn-cardiorenal-23, lytes-01, lytes-07, lytes-27, structural-20.
Expected creatinine bump after RAASi / SGLT2i and when to worry (htn-cardiorenal-09)
ACE Inhibitors vs ARBs — Renal Effects ("Acceptable rise: 30 % creatinine")
Cardiorenal syndrome types 1–5 in plain terms (htn-cardiorenal-19)
HF, Diuretic Resistance and Volume Management — Cardiorenal Syndrome: Classification
Loop diuretics in HF with CKD: dosing and judging response (htn-cardiorenal-20)
Diuretic resistance and sequential nephron blockade (htn-cardiorenal-21)
GDMT four pillars in HFrEF (htn-cardiorenal-22)
How CKD changes GDMT (htn-cardiorenal-23)
HF lecture — Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy in Cardiorenal Disease
Cardiorenal (type 1) AKI (aki-19)
Bedside volume status assessment (lytes-01)
Hypervolemic hyponatremia (lytes-07)
Diuretic electrolyte signatures and monitoring (lytes-27)
Diuretic Selection and Optimization — Structured Monitoring and Risk Mitigation
Hyperkalemia in CKD: chronic and acute (ckd-17)
Hyperkalemia — Find the mechanism and reversible contributors · Potassium and Your Kidneys — binders
Drug dosing in CKD (ckd-18)
Cardiovascular risk in CKD (ckd-26)
CKD Comprehensive Management Pathways — Part 5: Progression Prevention Checklist
NSAIDs and the kidney (structural-20)
NSAID-Induced Nephrotoxicity — Risk Factors · Renal Pharmacology — 6. NSAID Alternatives; 7. Sick Day Rules
Return to the week
Bring the lecture to the bedside · Course evidence guide · Integrated case summaries
Self-study and additional cases · Day 2
Open a case below for its teaching, diagrams and lecture links. Use the staged case to answer the questions and reveal explanations.
Case 16: The Late Referral · 8 short lessons
Approach → findings → interpretation → treatment
Separate an urgent dialysis indication from long-term preparation. Combine filtration, albuminuria, trajectory and risk with the patient’s goals.
1 · Approach
Read the opening framework and urgent-threat checkpoint.
2 · Findings
Build the pattern as the history, examination and results arrive.
3 · Lab interpretation
Use the mechanism to explain the blood, urine or imaging findings.
4 · Treatment and reassessment
Connect the treatment with the response, risks and follow-up.
Review the shared urgent-threat framework →
Opening visual framework
Use the visual framework with the case findings and the linked lecture.
Lab interpretation guide
Use the visual framework with the case findings and the linked lecture.
Treatment and reassessment guide
Use the visual framework with the case findings and the linked lecture.
Use the visual framework with the case findings and the linked lecture.
Learn first · decision primers
Explain the whole case
What would make dialysis necessary today, and what preparation should continue even if it is not needed today?
All relevant lecture connections
Return to the lecture topics
Assigned reading: the explanations in this case and the question-linked course evidence guide. The objective map distinguishes tested decisions from concepts taught in explanations.
Concepts: aki-22, ckd-09, ckd-16, ckd-21, ckd-22, ckd-23, ckd-24, ckd-25, ckd-27, structural-25, structural-26.
Progression risk and KFRE in plain terms (ckd-09)
CKM vs KFRE lecture — Different questions: KDIGO action thresholds
CKD-MBD: phosphorus, PTH, vitamin D, calcium (ckd-15)
Metabolic acidosis of CKD (ckd-16)
When to refer to nephrology (ckd-21)
CKD staging handout — Referral Criteria Summary (Handy Chart)
Preparing for KRT: timing, modalities, shared decision (ckd-22)
Dialysis initiation handout — Modality Choice: HD vs PD vs Conservative
Vascular access and vein preservation (ckd-23)
Access complications handout — Section 3: PICC Lines in Dialysis Patients
Transplant referral and conservative kidney management (ckd-24)
Kidney transplant fundamentals — Part 1: Transplant Evaluation Framework
Uremic symptoms and dialysis emergencies (ckd-25)
Dialysis prescription lecture — Urgent Dialysis Indications: AEIOU
Nutrition and lifestyle counseling (ckd-27)
CKD nutrition handout — Practical Implementation · Phosphorus patient handout — The hidden phosphorus
Urgent dialysis indications (AEIOU) and when to call nephrology (aki-22)
Nephrology textbook — Chapter 6 AKI, Indications for Urgent Dialysis (AEIOU)
Geriatric nephrology basics (structural-25)
Geriatric nephrology handout — IV. Frailty Assessment in CKD Patients
Conservative kidney management and shared decision-making (structural-26)
Palliative nephrology handout — I. Conservative (Non-Dialysis) Kidney Management
Case 21: The Executive Physical · 8 short lessons
Approach → findings → interpretation → treatment
Verify pressure and chronicity before labeling disease. Use medication and electrolyte clues to guide secondary-cause testing and a coordinated prevention plan.
1 · Approach
Read the opening framework and urgent-threat checkpoint.
2 · Findings
Build the pattern as the history, examination and results arrive.
3 · Lab interpretation
Use the mechanism to explain the blood, urine or imaging findings.
4 · Treatment and reassessment
Connect the treatment with the response, risks and follow-up.
Review the shared urgent-threat framework →
Opening visual framework
Use the visual framework with the case findings and the linked lecture.
Lab interpretation guide
Use the visual framework with the case findings and the linked lecture.
Treatment and reassessment guide
Use the visual framework with the case findings and the linked lecture.
Learn first · decision primers
Explain the whole case
Which findings establish chronic kidney damage, and which findings reopen the cause of hypertension?
All relevant lecture connections
Return to the lecture topics
Assigned reading: the explanations in this case and the question-linked course evidence guide. The objective map distinguishes tested decisions from concepts taught in explanations.
Concepts: ckd-01, ckd-02, ckd-03, ckd-11, ckd-26, htn-cardiorenal-01, htn-cardiorenal-02, htn-cardiorenal-03, htn-cardiorenal-05, htn-cardiorenal-06, htn-cardiorenal-07, htn-cardiorenal-11, htn-cardiorenal-14, htn-cardiorenal-27, lytes-27.
Standardized office BP measurement (htn-cardiorenal-01)
BP measurement lecture — Office Blood Pressure Measurement Protocol
Home BP and ABPM; white-coat vs masked HTN (htn-cardiorenal-02)
Home BP monitoring lecture — Critical HBPM Implementation Points
BP classification and 2025 thresholds (PREVENT) (htn-cardiorenal-03)
Medical management lecture — Treatment Thresholds Using PREVENT
Lifestyle modification with expected mmHg (htn-cardiorenal-05)
Lifestyle interventions lecture — Quantified BP Reduction Summary
First-line classes, thiazide choice, combination therapy (htn-cardiorenal-06)
Diuretic selection lecture — Thiazide vs Thiazide-Like Diuretics
Choosing agents by comorbidity (htn-cardiorenal-07)
Secondary HTN; primary aldosteronism screening (htn-cardiorenal-11)
OSA and drug/substance-induced HTN (htn-cardiorenal-14)
Secondary HTN screening lecture — Additional Secondary Causes
CKD definition and chronicity (ckd-01)
UACR vs dipstick vs UPCR (ckd-03)
CKD staging handout (site) — UACR & 24-Hour Urine Protein Interpretation
Diuretic electrolyte signatures and monitoring (lytes-27)
Diuretic selection lecture — Structured Monitoring and Risk Mitigation
Case 22: The Medication Minefield · 8 short lessons
Approach → findings → interpretation → treatment
Review each medicine by indication, clearance, dose and exposure. Look for accumulated toxicity, interacting drugs and procedure-related risks.
1 · Approach
Read the opening framework and urgent-threat checkpoint.
2 · Findings
Build the pattern as the history, examination and results arrive.
3 · Lab interpretation
Use the mechanism to explain the blood, urine or imaging findings.
4 · Treatment and reassessment
Connect the treatment with the response, risks and follow-up.
Review the shared urgent-threat framework →
Opening visual framework
Use the visual framework with the case findings and the linked lecture.
Lab interpretation guide
Use the visual framework with the case findings and the linked lecture.
Treatment and reassessment guide
Use the visual framework with the case findings and the linked lecture.
Learn first · decision primers
Explain the whole case
Which drug decisions use a product-specific renal rule, and what monitoring and restart plan makes them safe?
All relevant lecture connections
Return to the lecture topics
Assigned reading: the explanations in this case and the question-linked course evidence guide. The objective map distinguishes tested decisions from concepts taught in explanations.
Concepts: aki-13, aki-15, aki-22, ckd-18, ckd-19, ckd-20, htn-cardiorenal-25, lytes-18, structural-15, structural-18, structural-19, structural-20, structural-23.
Drug dosing in CKD (ckd-18)
Drug dosing quick reference (site) — Part 1: Principles of Drug Dosing in CKD
Nephrotoxins to avoid (ckd-19)
Renal pharmacology lecture — 2. Nephrotoxic Medication Avoidance
Sick-day rules (ckd-20)
Contrast risk: iodinated and gadolinium (structural-15)
Drug dosing by eGFR (structural-18)
Renal pharmacology lecture — 1. Drug Dosing in CKD: Principles of Renal Clearance
Nephrotoxin list and sick-day rules (structural-19)
Metformin rules (structural-23)
Drug dosing quick reference (site) — Part 5: Antidiabetic Medications