1 · Approach
Use the opening diagram and short lessons before the patient.
Self-study and additional cases · Day 5
1 cases now use the same sequence, with 8 short lessons and opening, interpretation and treatment figures.
Open the collected self-study teaching ↓ · Browse the self-study case guide
Teach Day 5 from one place
Opening frameworks, 36 Learn first sections, stage-specific infographics and direct lecture links for the three classroom cases. Use the short lesson before its question, then return to the case to commit, discuss and reveal.
Session plan and self-study cases · Shared opening lecture · Day 5 figures in the visual library
Treat urgent threats while you evaluate
Look for transplant-related deterioration, hypertensive emergency, symptomatic severe hypercalcemia and other acute threats. Reconnect electrolytes, kidney reserve, urine protein and structural disease before choosing a treatment.
Name the threat, begin indicated treatment, investigate in parallel, then reassess.
Case 13: The Transplant Tremor
Start with the approach, then build the case
Read medicines by start date, connect exposures with the laboratory pattern, and keep infection, obstruction and rejection in the transplant differential.
2 · Findings
Revisit urgency as history, examination and initial data arrive.
3 · Lab interpretation
Use the urine, blood or imaging guide at the relevant decision.
4 · Treatment and reassessment
Connect the management plan with response, monitoring and follow-up.
Opening visual framework
Use the diagram with the teaching text, then apply it to the case findings.
Lab interpretation guide
Use the diagram with the teaching text, then apply it to the case findings.
Treatment and reassessment guide
Use the diagram with the teaching text, then apply it to the case findings.
Learn first · all 12 decision primers
All relevant lecture connections for this case
Return to the lecture topics
Assigned reading: the explanations in this case and the question-linked course evidence guide. The objective map distinguishes tested decisions from concepts taught in explanations.
Concepts: aki-03, aki-13, aki-14, aki-27, ckd-18, ckd-19, ckd-20, htn-cardiorenal-07, htn-cardiorenal-08, lytes-14, lytes-18, structural-20, structural-27.
The transplant patient in primary care: interactions, infection risk, when to call (structural-27)
Transplant immunosuppression student handout — V. Drug Monitoring and Therapeutic Targets · Transplant complications student handout — VIII. Clinical Pearls
Prerenal / intrinsic / post-renal framework (aki-03)
AKI lecture — Systematic Diagnostic Approach · AKI BMP pattern recognition guide — Part 1: Three-Compartment AKI Framework
Hemodynamic AKI and the triple whammy (aki-13)
NSAID-induced kidney injury — Risk Factors for NSAID-Induced Kidney Injury · Drug-induced AKI student handout — The Major Categories
Expected creatinine rise on ACEi/ARB/SGLT2i vs injury (aki-14)
Drug-induced AKI student handout — KDIGO drug classification framework · Contrast-associated AKI — Practice-Changing Medication Recommendations
Outpatient creatinine bump: triage (aki-27)
Chronic and drug-related hyperkalemia; type 4 RTA (lytes-14)
Hyperkalemia lecture — Find the mechanism and reversible contributors · RTA types — Type 4: Hyperkalemic Renal Tubular Acidosis
Magnesium disorders (lytes-18)
Hypomagnesemia lecture — Causes of Hypomagnesemia; Treatment Strategies
Choosing agents by comorbidity (htn-cardiorenal-07)
Hypertension medical management — First-Line Agent Selection · Hypertension and comorbidities — Chronic Kidney Disease
ACEi vs ARB: adverse effects and contraindications (htn-cardiorenal-08)
ACEi vs ARB comparison — Comparative Side Effect Profiles · RAAS inhibitors student handout
Drug dosing in CKD (ckd-18)
Drug dosing in CKD quick reference — Part 1: Principles of Drug Dosing in CKD · Renal pharmacology lecture — 1. Drug Dosing in CKD
Nephrotoxins to avoid (ckd-19)
Renal pharmacology lecture — 2. Nephrotoxic Medication Avoidance; 6. NSAID Alternatives
Sick-day rules (ckd-20)
Renal pharmacology lecture — 7. Sick Day Rules: Medications to Hold During Acute Illness · Cardiorenal disease lecture — Critical: Sick Day Management
NSAIDs and the kidney (structural-20)
NSAID-induced kidney injury — Risk Factors for NSAID-Induced Kidney Injury · Renal pharmacology lecture — 6. NSAID Alternatives for Pain Management in CKD
Case 14: The Young Hypertensive
Start with the approach, then build the case
Verify BP, distinguish urgent organ injury from chronic risk, and sequence secondary-cause testing around drugs, potassium and pregnancy.
1 · Approach
Use the opening diagram and short lessons before the patient.
2 · Findings
Revisit urgency as history, examination and initial data arrive.
3 · Lab interpretation
Use the urine, blood or imaging guide at the relevant decision.
4 · Treatment and reassessment
Connect the management plan with response, monitoring and follow-up.
Opening visual framework
Use the diagram with the teaching text, then apply it to the case findings.
Lab interpretation guide
Use the diagram with the teaching text, then apply it to the case findings.
Treatment and reassessment guide
Use the diagram with the teaching text, then apply it to the case findings.
Learn first · all 12 decision primers
All relevant lecture connections for this case
Return to the lecture topics
Assigned reading: the explanations in this case and the question-linked course evidence guide. The objective map distinguishes tested decisions from concepts taught in explanations.
Concepts: glom-04, htn-cardiorenal-01, htn-cardiorenal-02, htn-cardiorenal-03, htn-cardiorenal-04, htn-cardiorenal-06, htn-cardiorenal-08, htn-cardiorenal-11, htn-cardiorenal-12, htn-cardiorenal-13, htn-cardiorenal-14, htn-cardiorenal-15, htn-cardiorenal-18, lytes-11, lytes-25, structural-16, structural-17.
Standardized office BP measurement (htn-cardiorenal-01)
Home BP (HBPM) and ABPM; white-coat vs masked HTN (htn-cardiorenal-02)
Home Monitoring Protocols — Critical HBPM Implementation Points
BP classification and 2025 AHA/ACC thresholds, PREVENT (htn-cardiorenal-03)
BP targets and individualization (htn-cardiorenal-04)
Blood Pressure Targets — Population-Specific Target Recommendations
First-line drug classes, thiazide choice, combination therapy (htn-cardiorenal-06)
ACEi vs ARB: adverse effects and contraindications (htn-cardiorenal-08)
Secondary HTN: when to suspect; primary aldosteronism screening (htn-cardiorenal-11)
Renovascular HTN: atherosclerotic RAS vs FMD (htn-cardiorenal-12)
Secondary HTN Screening — Renal Artery Stenosis: Medical vs Interventional
Pheochromocytoma recognition (htn-cardiorenal-13)
OSA and drug/substance-induced HTN (htn-cardiorenal-14)
Hypertensive emergency vs severe HTN without target-organ damage (htn-cardiorenal-15)
Inpatient Emergencies — Hypertensive Emergency vs Severe HTN Algorithm
HTN in pregnancy and preeclampsia recognition (htn-cardiorenal-18)
Pregnancy & Special Populations — Critical Safety Alert · Pregnancy Nephrology — Preeclampsia & Eclampsia
UTI vs asymptomatic bacteriuria; culture logic (structural-04)
Renal artery stenosis: suspect, image, manage (structural-16)
Secondary Hypertension handout (web) — III. Renovascular Hypertension
Kidney disease in pregnancy basics (structural-17)
Special Populations handout (web) — Pregnancy and the Kidney · Pregnancy Nephrology — Physiologic Renal Changes
Hypokalemia: causes, ECG, replacement (lytes-11)
Metabolic alkalosis and urine chloride (lytes-25)
Metabolic Alkalosis — Urine Chloride: A Contextual Diagnostic Guide
Proteinuria quantification: UACR vs UPCR; KDIGO A1–A3; nephrotic range (glom-04)
CKD lecture — Risk Stratification Matrix, albuminuria categories
Case 15: The Family Discovery
Start with the approach, then build the case
Interpret cysts with age and family history, recognize acute complications, and connect individual care with relatives and future kidney planning.
1 · Approach
Use the opening diagram and short lessons before the patient.
2 · Findings
Revisit urgency as history, examination and initial data arrive.
3 · Lab interpretation
Use the urine, blood or imaging guide at the relevant decision.
4 · Treatment and reassessment
Connect the management plan with response, monitoring and follow-up.
Opening visual framework
Use the diagram with the teaching text, then apply it to the case findings.
Lab interpretation guide
Use the diagram with the teaching text, then apply it to the case findings.
Treatment and reassessment guide
Use the diagram with the teaching text, then apply it to the case findings.
Learn first · all 12 decision primers
All relevant lecture connections for this case
Return to the lecture topics
Assigned reading: the explanations in this case and the question-linked course evidence guide. The objective map distinguishes tested decisions from concepts taught in explanations.
Concepts: ckd-08, ckd-10, ckd-21, ckd-22, ckd-24, glom-06, htn-cardiorenal-07, structural-01, structural-05, structural-09, structural-10, structural-12, structural-14, structural-15.
ADPKD basics (ckd-08)
ADPKD lecture — Diagnostic Criteria; Family Screening Protocols
Blood pressure in CKD (ckd-10)
CKD comprehensive management pathways — Part 3: Blood Pressure Management in CKD · Blood pressure targets lecture — Population-Specific Target Recommendations
When to refer to nephrology (ckd-21)
CKD staging student handout — Referral Criteria Summary (Handy Chart) · CKM vs KFRE — Different questions (KDIGO action thresholds)
Preparing for KRT: timing, modalities, shared decision (ckd-22)
Dialysis initiation student handout — Modality Choice: HD vs PD vs Conservative · Shared Decision-Making Framework
Transplant referral and conservative kidney management (ckd-24)
Kidney transplant fundamentals student handout — Part 1: Transplant Evaluation Framework · Choosing dialysis — patient handout
Renal colic: recognition and imaging choice (structural-01)
Nephrolithiasis student handout — Classic Presentation: Renal Colic · Diagnostic Imaging
Pyelonephritis and complicated UTI in CKD or obstruction (structural-05)
ADPKD diagnosis and family screening (structural-09)
ADPKD lecture — Diagnostic Criteria; Family Screening Protocols
ADPKD complications and management, tolvaptan in one line (structural-10)
ADPKD lecture — Cyst Complications; Tolvaptan; Intracranial Aneurysm Screening
Other hereditary kidney disease pattern recognition: Alport, TBMN, ADTKD (structural-11)
Other cystic diseases lecture — ADTKD (formerly Medullary Cystic Disease)
Simple vs complex renal cyst — Bosniak in plain terms (structural-12)
Bosniak classification lecture — Bosniak I–IV cards; Management Algorithm
Renal imaging modality selection (structural-14)
Renal labs and imaging student handout — Section 3: Renal Imaging Modalities · Renal imaging lecture — Computed Tomography Renal Imaging
Contrast risk: iodinated and gadolinium (structural-15)
Contrast-associated AKI lecture — Risk Assessment Framework; What Does NOT Work · Renal labs and imaging student handout — Gadolinium-Based Contrast (Used in MRI)
Hematuria workup: glomerular vs urologic; who goes to urology (glom-06)
RBC morphology lecture — Referral Guidance · Urinalysis student handout — Section 3: Hematuria
Alport syndrome and thin basement membrane disease — familial hematuria (glom-26)
Pediatric kidney disease student handout — VI. Hereditary Nephropathies
Choosing antihypertensive agents by comorbidity (htn-cardiorenal-07)
Hypertension and comorbidities — Chronic Kidney Disease · Hypertension medical management — First-Line Agent Selection
The Calcium Connection · Summary-day capstone
Integrate electrolytes, CKD, AKI, stones, myeloma and nephrotic syndrome from AL amyloid. The case reveals the seven-lab calcium pattern in stages, then compares nonalbumin light-chain protein with albumin-heavy glomerular disease.
Teach the full 22-minute capstone → · Open the AL amyloid comparison
Hypercalcemia: read the whole pattern
Ca, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, both vitamin D metabolites, PTH and PTHrP.
Monoclonal proteins: two different kidney patterns
Tubular light-chain cast injury versus glomerular AL amyloid deposition.
Return to the week
Bring the lecture to the bedside · Course evidence guide · Integrated case summaries
Self-study and additional cases · Day 5
Open a case below for its teaching, diagrams and lecture links. Use the staged case to answer the questions and reveal explanations.
Case 17: The Octogenarian's Numbers · 8 short lessons
Approach → findings → interpretation → treatment
Read the laboratory numbers through frailty, muscle mass, medicines and patient preferences. Treat acute toxicity before deciding what chronic kidney care should look like.
1 · Approach
Read the opening framework and urgent-threat checkpoint.
2 · Findings
Build the pattern as the history, examination and results arrive.
3 · Lab interpretation
Use the mechanism to explain the blood, urine or imaging findings.
4 · Treatment and reassessment
Connect the treatment with the response, risks and follow-up.
Review the shared urgent-threat framework →
Opening visual framework
Use the visual framework with the case findings and the linked lecture.
Lab interpretation guide
Use the visual framework with the case findings and the linked lecture.
Treatment and reassessment guide
Use the visual framework with the case findings and the linked lecture.
Use the visual framework with the case findings and the linked lecture.
Learn first · decision primers
Explain the whole case
Which current findings are reversible toxicity, and how do the patient’s own goals change the long-term plan?
All relevant lecture connections
Return to the lecture topics
Assigned reading: the explanations in this case and the question-linked course evidence guide. The objective map distinguishes tested decisions from concepts taught in explanations.
Concepts: aki-27, ckd-04, ckd-18, ckd-21, ckd-22, ckd-24, ckd-25, htn-cardiorenal-04, lytes-13, lytes-14, lytes-18, structural-18, structural-25, structural-26.
Geriatric nephrology basics (structural-25)
Geriatric nephrology handout — V. Polypharmacy and Deprescribing in Elderly CKD
Conservative kidney management and shared decision-making (structural-26)
Palliative nephrology handout — II. Goals-of-Care Conversations and Shared Decision-Making
Drug dosing by eGFR (structural-18)
Drug dosing quick reference — Part 1: Principles of Drug Dosing in CKD
eGFR: CKD-EPI 2021 and its limits (ckd-04)
Drug dosing in CKD (ckd-18)
Renal pharmacology lecture — 1. Drug Dosing in CKD: Principles of Renal Clearance
When to refer to nephrology (ckd-21)
Preparing for KRT: timing, modalities, shared decision (ckd-22)
Dialysis initiation handout — Shared Decision-Making Framework
Transplant referral and conservative kidney management (ckd-24)
Understanding dialysis (patient handout) — Choosing not to do dialysis: conservative care
Blood-pressure targets and individualization (htn-cardiorenal-04)
Orthostatic hypotension lecture — The Orthostatic Paradox and management matrix
Chronic and drug-related hyperkalemia; type 4 RTA (lytes-14)
Hyperkalemia lecture — Find the mechanism and reversible contributors · RTA types — Type 4
Magnesium disorders, including hypermagnesemia (lytes-18)
Outpatient creatinine bump: triage (aki-27)
AKI BMP pattern guide — Part 6: BMP-Guided Clinical Decision-Making